Has Media Portrayal of Homosexuality Shifted/Changed...

Has Media Portrayal of Homosexuality Shifted/Changed Attitudes About the Subject? Introduction Attitudes about homosexuality have shifted greatly over the past 40 years, beginning with the sexual revolution of the 1960s. Mass media appears to have played a major role in more widespread acceptance of homosexuality, however negative perceptions still exist. In order to probe the level of acceptance among college students and what shapes their perceptions of homosexuality, a study was conducted by surveying male and female students at Morehouse and Spelman colleges. The purpose of this study is to statistically determine if attitudes toward homosexuality have changed or shifted due to the media’s consistent portrayal of it†¦show more content†¦This shift was huge during this time because while most people were growing up with or surrounded by heterosexuality, an acceptance of homosexuality was beginning to take hold. Programs such as Love Sidney, Dynasty, Heartbeat, Melrose Place, and Will and Grace portrayed homosexuality through leading and support ing characters and helped to shift the paradigm of attitudes toward gays, lesbians, and bisexuals (Fisher, 2007). The positive media portrayal of homosexuality has been shown to influence the beliefs and attitudes of heterosexuals because often, â€Å"the world, as seen in the media, is perceived by its viewers as an accurate reflection of reality† (Fisher, 2007). Since so many viewers at that time had little or no personal experience with homosexuals or homosexuality, these sources of media served as a major influence on the assumptions and attitudes that people expressed toward the subject (Fisher, 2007). Since Ellen became the first television show to have a gay leading character, other programs such as Spin City, ER, Dawson’s Creek, Queer as Folk, and Oz were/are all big hits and, equally, they all dealt with homosexuals/homosexuality (Fisher, 2007). In addition to consistent media depiction, movie stars, A-list celebrities, music artists, and even Hollywoodâ€℠¢s â€Å"it-girls† have also helped to shape the mode of comfort with homosexuality through their real-life experiences. Lindsay Lohan (bi-sexual), Angelina Jolie (bi-sexual), EltonShow MoreRelatedLgbt19540 Words   |  79 Pageschange of gender on identity documents, hormonal treatment, and surgery. Coming Out Coming Out is the term used by lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender (LGBT) people to describe their experience of discovery, self-acceptance, openness and honesty about their LGBT identity and their decision to disclose, i.e. to share this with others when and how they choose. Sexual Orientation Sexual Orientation refers to an enduring pattern of emotional, romantic, and/or sexual attractions to men, women, or bothRead MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 PagesTwentieth-Century World History †¢ Carl J. Guarneri 213 7 The Technopolitics of Cold War: Toward a Transregional Perspective †¢ Gabrielle Hecht and Paul N. Edwards 271 8 A Century of Environmental Transitions †¢ Richard P. Tucker 315 About the Contributors †¢ 343 _ IN TR OD UC TIO N Michael Adas B y any of the customary measures we deploy to demarcate historical epochs, the twentieth century does not appear to be a very coherent unit. The beginnings and ends of

Analysis Of Martin Luther King Jr. - 1384 Words

Martin Luther King Jr. once said, â€Å"No one else is free while others are being oppressed.† Throughout history, women have been stripped of basic civil rights, being constantly oppressed, and they are continued to be so in today’s society. Oppression occurs around the world, ranging from third world countries to developed nations such as the United States of America. Women’s inequality is an immense issue, and the world needs to change their perspective and treatment of women. Women are extremely oppressed across the world, and although the 21st century image of a woman is an image of prosperity, confidence, health, and beauty, for billions of women in the world, this image is not their reality. A plethora of women still experience violence, isolation, enforced ignorance and oppression in the world; while some progress has been made for women’s rights around the globe, there is magnitude of work that needs to be done. Taina Bien-Aime, executive director of New York-based Equality Now stated, there is not one single country where women can feel absolutely safe. Education, violence, and restrictive laws are just some of the issues causing barriers for women. One of the worst countries for women, in today’s world is Afghanistan. The Middle East Institute reported, â€Å"starving widows, under-age girls forced into marriage, high maternal death rates, rape, murder, incest, abductions, wife-beatings, self-immolation, deprivation of education, bur ning of girls’ schools, restrictedShow MoreRelated Analysis of Letter from Birmingham by Martin Luther King Jr.937 Words   |  4 PagesAnalysis of Letter from Birmingham by Martin Luther King Jr. Martin Luther King Jr., is one of the most recognized, if not the greatest civil rights activist in this century. He has written papers and given speeches on the civil rights movement, but one piece stands out as one of his best writings. â€Å"Letter from Birmingham† was an intriguing letter written by King in jail in the city of Birmingham, Alabama. He was responding to a letter written by eight Alabama Clergyman that was publishedRead MoreEssay on Critical Analysis of Martin Luther King, Jr.s Speech1674 Words   |  7 PagesCritical Analysis of Martin Luther King, Jr.s Speech Introduction In this critical analysis I am going to look at Martin Luther King, Jr and the I have a dream speech. Martin Luther King, Jr is very distinguished due to the many outstanding achievements he accomplished throughout his life. He was an American clergyman and he accomplished the Nobel Prize for one of the principal leaders of the American civil rights movement. Kings defiance to segregation andRead MoreAnalysis of Martin Luther King Jr.s Letter from Birmingham Jail962 Words   |  4 Pagesintangible, it is still necessary. Some forms of inspiration come as passionate love while others appeal as injustice. Martin Luther King Jr.s Letter from Birmingham Jail was a response to A Call for Unity by eight white clergymen. His inspiration for writing the letter was the clergymens unjust proposals and the letter allowed him to present his rebuttal. Martin Luther King Jr. effectively crafted his counter argument by first directly addressing his audience, the clergymen, and then using logosRead MoreSociological Analysis of Martin Luther King, Jr.’s Letter from a Birmingham Jail1214 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿ Sociological Analysis of Martin Luther King, Jr.’s Letter from a Birmingham Jail Abstract The paper analyses Martin Luther King, Jr.’s â€Å"Letter from a Birmingham Jail† from a sociological point of view and shows how three major theories (structural functionalism, social conflict, and symbolic interactionism) are treated in the letter. The paper shows different appreciation of King’s ideas and works by his contemporaries and modern people. It also explores the concepts of â€Å"nonviolentRead MoreAnalysis of Martin Luther King Jr. Warrior for Peace by Tanya Savory848 Words   |  4 Pages racism was very powerful and the white people were the most stronger people in the communities, however, it was only in some states of the United States Of America. In others the racism did not existed, for example according to the book â€Å"Martin Luther King Jr. Warrior For Peace†by â€Å"Tanya Savory† in one of the states that there was no racism was Connecticut. During the winter of 1928, in Montgomery, Alabama, a black girl who was only fifteen-year-old got on a city bus so she could go visitRead MoreAnalysis of Martin Luther King Jr. ´s Letter From Birmingham Jail771 Words   |  3 Pagesagainst the prejudice that they have to face, accomplish justice that every single one of them are fighting for. Dr. Martin Luther King, a leader of the protest against prejudice was able to pursue the rights for African American people. However eight of his fellow clergymen criticized his procedure to protest, but they still supported him. In the Letter from Birmingham Jail, King wanted to encourage others to rebel against the wrong, even if it is not wise it is right, he was optimistic and yetRead MoreRhetorical Analysis Of I Have A Dream Speech By Martin Luther King Jr.815 Words   |  4 Pagessteps of the Lincoln Memorial more than two score years ago, Dr. Martin Luther King electrified America with his momentous I Have a Dream speech. Ai med at the entire nation, King’s main purpose in this speech was to convince his audience to demand racial justice towards the mistreated African Americans and to stand up together for the rights afforded to all under the Constitution. To further convey this purpose more effectively, King cleverly makes use of the rhetorical devices — ethos, pathos andRead MoreAn Analysis of Jonathan Swift and Martin Luther King Jr.’s Stylistic Devices2370 Words   |  10 PagesBirmingham Jail Martin Luther King Jr. has two different audiences. First he addresses the eight clergymen who wrote him the original statement posing a few questions they would like him to answer. But more importantly he writes to the white moderate, in particular those who are â€Å"lukewarm† on the issue at hand, segregation. These â€Å"lukewarm† people do not have a solid opinion either way, they merely â€Å"sit on the fence† waiting for some one to persuade them. Similar to Swift, King uses parallel structureRead MoreRhetorical Analysis of the I Have a Dream Speech by Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.1219 Words   |  5 Pagesechoed throughout Washington D.C. August 28, 1963 as Martin Luther King Jr. paved the path to freedom for those suffering from racial segregation. It was the day of the March on Washington, which promoted Civil Rights and economic equality for African Americans. In order to share his feelings and dreams with the rest of the nation, Martin Luther King Jr. gave his speech encouraging all to overcome racial segregation. Martin Luther King Jr.’s I Have a Dream speech was very effective due to theRead MoreAnalysis of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.s I Have A Dream Speech619 Words   |  3 Pages28, 1963, Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. delivered one of the most famous speeches of all time to an audience of more than 200,000 civil rights supporters on the steps of the Lincoln Memorial. In his, â€Å"I have a dream† speech, King addressed his encouragement of white and black people working together to achieve racial peace and harmony. He especially wanted to teach the young blacks that equality could be gained through the use of non-violence. The main reason King used nonviolence

Projectile Motion Free Essays

PROJECTILE MOTION AND BASKET BALL By: Fieda Rizkiana 09/X11 SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL 2 KEDIRI 2013 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT The writer expresses her gratitude to Allah SWT for blessing, love, opportunity, health and mercy to complete this assignment entitled â€Å"PROJECTILE MOTION AND BASKET BALL† to complete final task of Physics in 2nd semester. To complete this assignment, the writer knows that without other people’s help and support she will never be able to finish it. Therefore, writer would like to express her gratitude to everyone who helped her. We will write a custom essay sample on Projectile Motion or any similar topic only for you Order Now The writer realizes that this assignment is far for being perfect, so suggestion and criticism for the perfection of this assignment will be the most welcome and accepted with pleasant and gratitude. Finally, she hopes that this Physics assignment will be usefull for the readers and especially for herself. Kediri, 27th of February 2013 The Writer TABEL OF CONTENT Cover Page i Acknowledgement ii Table of Content iii CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION 1 A. Purpose 1 B. Background1 C. Material 1 D. Procedure 2 CHAPTER II DISCUSSION3 A. Result of Experiment 3 B. Analysis 4 CHAPTER III CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION 15 Bibliography 16 CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION PURPOSE The purpose of this experiment is: 1. Knowing the work of projectile motion in basket ball 2. Knowing the V0 3. Knowing the t BACKGROUND In order to figure out the perfect shot, you are going to need to know what projectile motion is. So really, what is projectile motion? Projectile motion is the curved path (also known as a parabola) an object follows when thrown near the surface of the Earth. It has an initial velocity, but after that, the only force acting on the object is gravity. In order to figure out the perfect shot, you are going to need to know what projectile motion is. So really, what is projectile motion? Projectile motion is the curved path (also known as a parabola) an object follows when thrown near the surface of the Earth. It has an initial velocity, but after that, the only force acting on the object is gravity. MATERIAL 1. Basket ball 2. Meter roll 3. Notebook and pen to write the result PROCEDURE 1. Measure: a. height of ring b. height of thrower c. distance between ring and thrower 2. Thrower shoot basket ball toward the ring with the specified distance 3. Write the data from the measurement 4. Analyze the data to find a value of velocity and time needed CHAPTER II DATA OF EXPERIMENT Hr Ht Yf X Vo Explanation: V0= initial velocity = angle X= horizontal distance between thrower and ring Ht= the height of thrower Hr= the height of ring Yf= the difference between height of ring and height of thrower Experiment| Shot 1| Shot 2| Shot 3| Shot 4| Shot 5| X| 6. 3 m| 5. 6 m| 4. 6 m| 3. 8 m| 2. 75 m| Yf| 1. 51 m| 1. 51 m| 1. 51 m| 1. 51 m| 1. 51 m| Ht| 1. 49 m| 1. 49 m| 1. 49 m| 1. 49 m| 1. 49 m| Hr| 3 m| 3 m| 3 m| 3 m| 3 m| ANALYSIS Shooting a basketball can be described as a projectile motion. When the object was thrown, the velocity will become zero once it reach the highest point, after that the ball will continue to move forward because the horizontal force still exists. It will continue to move forward until it hit the ground, due to the gravity. So to figure out the perfect angle to shoot the ball at, we will have to use reverse trigonometry. Since we were given the Vix and the Viy, you will need to use the reverse of tangent, also known as arctangent. Data I X1= 6. 3 m Ht= 1. 49 Hr = 3 m Yf= 3 – 1. 49 = 1. 51 m Tan ? = Yfx1 Tan ? = 1. 516. 3 Tan ? = 0. 2396825397 ?= 13. 47853354 ° yf= vo2? sin2? 2g 1. 51= vo2? sin213. 47853354 °2 . 9. 8 1. 51? 19. 6= vo2? 0. 05432677 vo2=29. 5960. 05432677 vo=544. 777457 vo=23. 34046822 m/s t= v0? sin? g t= 23. 34046822 ? 0. 2330810399. 8 t=5. 402205839. 8 t=0. 555124549 s So, the basketball will get in the hoop if: * Distance between thrower and ring is 6. 3 m * Height of people is 1. 49 m * Height of the ring is 3 m * The angel is 13. 47853354 ° * The initial velocity is 23. 34046822 m/s * The time is 0. 555124549 s Data II X2= 5. 6 m Ht= 1. 49 Hr = 3 m Yf= 3 – 1. 49 = 1. 51 m Tan ? = Yfx2 Ta n ? = 1. 515. 6 Tan ? = 0. 269642857 ?= 15. 09050101 ° yf= vo2? sin2? 2g 1. 51= vo2? sin215. 09050101 °2 . 9. 8 1. 51? 19. 6= vo2? 0. 067779227 vo2=29. 5960. 067779227 vo=436. 6529536 vo=20. 89624257 m/s t= v0? sin? g t= 20. 89624257 ? 0. 260344449. 8 t=5. 4402205719. t=0. 555124548 s So, the basketball will get in the hoop if: * Distance between thrower and ring is 5. 6 m * Height of people is 1. 49 m * Height of the ring is 3 m * The angel is 15. 09050101 ° * The initial velocity is 20. 89624257 m/s * The time is 0. 555124548 s Data III X3= 4. 6 m Ht= 1. 49 Hr = 3 m Yf= 3 – 1. 49 = 1. 51 m Tan ? = Yfx1 Tan ? = 1. 514. 6 Tan ? = 0. 328260869 ?= 18. 17298431 ° yf= vo2? sin2? 2g 1. 51= vo2? sin2 18. 17298431 °2 . 9. 8 1. 51? 19. 6= vo2? 0. 097273475 vo2=29. 5960. 05432677 vo=304. 2556026 vo=17. 44292414 m/s t= v0? sin? g t= 17. 44292414 ? 0. 311886969. 8 t=5. 4402205849. 8 t=0. 55124549 s So, the basketball will get in the hoop if: * The distance between thrower and ring is 4. 6 m * The height of people is 1. 49 m * The height of the ring is 3 m * The angel is 18. 17298431 ° * The initial velocity is vo=17. 44292414 m/s * The time is 0. 555124549 s Data IV X4= 3. 8 m Ht= 1. 49 Hr = 3 m Yf= 3 – 1. 49 = 1. 51 m Tan ? = Yfx1 Tan ? = 1. 513. 8 Tan ? = 0. 397368421 ?= 21. 6713103 ° yf= vo2? sin2? 2g 1. 51= vo2? sin221. 6713103 °2 . 9. 8 1. 51? 19. 6= vo2? 0. 136368801 vo2=29. 5960. 136368801 vo=217. 0291126 vo=14. 73190797 m/s t= v0? sin? g t= 14. 73190797 ? 0. 3692814669. 8 t=5. 4402205749. t=0. 555124548 s So, the basketball will get in the hoop if: * Distance between thrower and ring is 3. 8 m * Height of people is 1. 49 m * Height of the ring is 3 m * The angel is 21. 6713103 ° * The initial velocity is vo=14. 73190797m/s * The time is 0. 555124548 s Data V X5= 2. 75 m Ht= 1. 49 Hr = 3 m Yf= 3 – 1. 49 = 1. 51 m Tan ? = Yfx1 Tan ? = 1. 512. 75 Tan ? = 0. 549090909 ?= 28. 77078832 ° yf= vo2? sin22g 1. 51= vo2? sin228. 77078 8322 . 9. 8 1. 51? 19. 6= vo2? 0. 231656269 vo2=29. 5960. 231656269 vo=127. 7582517 vo=11. 30301958 m/s t= v0? sin? g t= 11. 30301958 ? 0. 4813068359. 8 t=5. 4402205819. t=0. 555124549 s So, the basketball will get in the hoop if: * Distance between thrower and ring is 2. 75 m * Height of people is 1. 49 m * Height of the ring is 3 m * The angel is 28. 77078832 ° * The initial velocity is 11. 30301958 m/s * The time is0. 555124549 s CHAPTER III CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION Conclusion: 1. The things that affect projectile motion are the power when we release the ball, ball height, and gravity. 2. Benefit of understanding and applying theory of projectile motion in basketball game is your shot release speed will be adjusted according to what height the ball is release from (e. . , from a jump shot or from the floor). That is because you know the difference between the basket height and the release point determines in part how long the ball must be in the air to reach the hoop. Suggesti on: When doing an experiment we have to be more careful and serious, so we get a more accurate result. BIBLIOGGRAPHY http://www. wired. com/images_blogs/wiredscience/2011/10/shot2s. jpg https://sites. google. com/a/mcsdonline. org/emilee-meyer/basketball-projectile-motion-fun How to cite Projectile Motion, Papers Projectile Motion Free Essays Projectile Motion Lab Report Objectives: This laboratory experiment presents the opportunity to study motion in two dimensions, projectile motion, which can be described as accelerated motion in the vertical direction and uniform motion in the horizontal direction. Procedures and Apparatus: |Rubber Ball |White sheets of papers | |Metal Track |Water | |Books |Table | |Meter-stick |Stopwatch | Obtain all the apparatus and material needed to proceed with experiment †¢ Set up a ramp using the metal track and a bunch of books at any angle so that the ball will roll off. †¢ Measure the distance from the edge of the table to the end of the ramp. We will write a custom essay sample on Projectile Motion or any similar topic only for you Order Now †¢ Roll the ball down the ramp and off the table but make sure to catch the ball as soon as it leaves the table; do this part 10 times and record the times †¢ Calculate average velocity for this step †¢ Measure the height (vertical distance or the y-axis) of the table. †¢ Using this height, derive t (time) from the uniform accelerated motion in order to obtain the predicted distance x. The next step is to release the ball from the ramp and let it fall off the table to the floor. †¢ Measure the spot on the floor where the ball hits the floor point when the ball rolls off the table. †¢ We positioned a piece of paper on the floor on which the ball marks the spots it hit first; to achieve this we wet the ball with water so the mark will be more evident †¢ Record these distances at least 3 times in and add them up to obtain the actual distance x. †¢ Compare these actual results with the predicted distance, which you obtain in the first part using u niform motion. Summary of Theory: Projectile motion in two dimensions can be predicted by treating the motion as two independent motions; the horizontal (x) component of the motion and the vertical (y) component of the motion. We examined projectile motion by observing a ball rolling down then leaving the ramp, thus becoming a projectile with a horizontal initial velocity. We measured the horizontal and vertical distances that the projectile traveled from the end of the ramp to when it hit the floor my using a meter stick to measure. -The correct equation for the horizontal motion used was: V=? X/t, where ? X is the distance on the horizontal motion and t is the time for each trail. -The equation used to find the time was the derived uniform accelerated motion equation: -t = v2y, where y is the height of the table and g is the acceleration due to gravity g on the vertical motion % Error, actual-predicted x 100% actual Data and Results |Trial |Times(s) |Velocity(m/s) | |1 |00:00:82 |12. 20 | |2 |00:00:83 |12. 05 | |3 |00:00:85 |11. 6 | |4 |00:00:85 |11. 76 | |5 |00:00:82 |12. 20 | |6 |00:00:78 |12. 82 | |7 |00:00:79 |12. 66 | |8 |00:00:88 |11. 36 | |9 |00:00:84 |11. 90 | |10 |00:00:88 |11. 36 | |Maximum Velocity |11. 36m/s | |Minimum Velocity |12. 0m/s | |Average Velocity |12. 01m/s | |Table Height |76. 30cm | |Predicted impact point |47. 32cm | |Minimum impact point distance |44. 76cm | |Maximum impact point distance |50. 51cm | |Actual impact point distance |46. 33cm | |% Error |2. 14% | Conclusions and Observations: Our predicted impact of (distance X) point of 47. 2cm wa s short by only 1cm of the actual X value of 46. 33cm. The impact points were close, so based on these results we support our predicted X value given the collected data from the experiment. I also calculated the % error and it was only 2. 14% and that again confirms our accurate result. One of the reasons for this accurate result was the technique we used to mark the point where the ball hit the floors in which we wet the ball with water so it will leave a mark on the paper place along the meter-stick. Another evidence to support our results was the height of table found from the kinematics’ equations was 76. cm while that actual measured height was 76. 3cm. As we performed the experiment we confirmed that the horizontal acceleration is always zero, but the horizontal distance that the ball covers before striking the ground does depend on initial velocity because we used uniform motion. We also leaned that Velocity in the y-direction is always zero at the beginning of the tra jectory. In other words, the acceleration in the y-direction is constant, a fact that confirms the independence of vertical and horizontal motion. Through this lab, I was able to examine the affect of forces on the trajectory of a moving object. How to cite Projectile Motion, Essay examples Projectile Motion Free Essays I. Introduction This study focuses on the different factors that affect the game results of the throwing events namely, javelin throw, discus throw, and shot put throw. It is observed that during athletic meets, the winner is determined by the farthest throwing distance. We will write a custom essay sample on Projectile Motion or any similar topic only for you Order Now However, this distance does not sum up the outstanding performance of a winning athlete. Several factors are deemed to be essential in strategically winning a throwing event. For instance, an athlete may need more effort in performing as compared to another because of certain physical or strategic hindrances. These hindrances seem to be inexistent when a game is analyzed using the distance covered only. Thus for the purposes of this study, the competition outcome is defined to be the resulting projectile from the throw. In analyzing the projectile, the research is opened to the influences of strategies beyond throwing the farthest. These factors can be grouped into three aspects: the thrown object’s standard measures, the strategy, and the player’s characteristics. First, the projectile allows us to examine the effects of the thrown object’s standard measures to the throwing ability of a player. These measurements include the weight of the object, and its circumference, in the case of the shot put and the discus, or its length, in the case of the javelin. Second, the projectile exposes the possibility of implementing various strategies that may affect the throwing distance, such as the angle of the throw and the velocity of the turn, in the case of the shot put and discus throw, or run, in the case of the javelin throw. Finally, the projectile also somehow illustrates the advantages or disadvantages of the player’s characteristics like height, weight, and body-build. Consequently, the research will not be tied to the distance results of the throwing events. Rather, it will be concerning thee different projectile elements – distance, height, angle, and force – as they are influenced by the aforementioned groups of variables. At the end of the day, this paper will justify the inevitability of standards with regard to the object’s measured properties, and will recommend the best player profile and playing strategy, as supported by the projectile results of conducted experiments. How to cite Projectile Motion, Essay examples

History of Cystic Fibrosis free essay sample

History of Cystic Fibrosis Woe to that child which when kissed on the forehead tastes salty. He is bewitched and soon must die. This proverb, dating back to European folklore in the 1700s, was the diagnosis for the disease recognized today as Cystic Fibrosis (CF). In that time period the disease was usually fatal and common among infants. The excessive salt in the sweat, Just one symptom of CF, made the disease identifiable. However, since the time of European folklore, various renowned scientists worked actively to discover he cause and possible treatments of Cystic Fibrosis. Documented history of CF began during the 1930s and each decade following that date brought new advances in the disease. The 1930s is the decade said to be the discovery of Cystic Fibrosis. The first mediacl description of CF as an individual disease was in 1936 by a Swiss physician, Dr. Fanconi. He labeled the illness celiac syndrome and said it caused changes in childrens pancreas. We will write a custom essay sample on History of Cystic Fibrosis or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In 1938, Dr. Dorothy Andersen of Columbia University in New York, named the disease Cystic Fibrosis and distinguished it from Celiac syndrome ecause there was progressive lung destruction and death in infancy or early childhood. Dorothy Andersen) At this time Andersen believed the disease was caused by vitamin A deficiency. The 1940s brought a decade full of altering theories about Cystic Fibrosis. Andersens vitamin A deficiency theory was contested by many doctors, including herself. In 1946, researchers studied the patterns of the diseases inheritance and concluded it was probably caused by the mutation of a single gene. Finally in the 1940s . Drs. Sidney Farber and Harry Shwachman linked the strange ischarge of mucus to the disease. The 1950s was a decade that marked new advancements in diagnosis techniques of the disease. The most prominent technique was the sweat test developed by DR. Paul di Sant Agnese, in New York, during the heat wave of 1953. Along with new diagnosis developments, some of the first Cystic Fibrosis clinics were created in Baltimore, New York, Philadelphia, Boston, and San Francisco. The early clinics, however, were often too late in treating the disease and waited until the patient had severe pain. To combat these bad treatment methods, in 1955, Dr. Shwachman proposed proper treatment for Cystic Fibrosis, which was early diagnosis, active early treatment, and proper nutrition. During the 1950s, Dr. Archie Norman, began studying the effect of high fat diets as a treatment for Cystic Fibrosis. Finally, in the 1960s Cystic Fibrosis awareness rose dramatically and there was the formation of clinics and research facilities to help Cystic Fibrosis. The organizations were formed by the rare CF survivors and the parents of CF victims. The 1970s was not a ground breaking decade for Cystic Fibrosis research. However, the fruition of high fat diets to treat the disease was seen. The 1980s is said to have been the greatest decade in the history of Cystic Fibrosis research. As well as further advancements in treating the illness, the revolutionary discovery of the cystic fibrosis trans-membrane conductance regulator gene was made, by the scientist who would later go on to completing the Human Genome Project, In 1989. A mutation of

Senegal An In Depth Study Essays - , Term Papers

Senegal: An In Depth Study Geography Senegal: An In Depth Study Senegal is a republic located in western Africa and has Dakar which is its largest city as capital. On the northern border is located Mauritania, on the east is Mali and on the Guinea. Senegal is also bordered by the Atlantic ocean on the west. Located in the center of the country is the small republic of Gambia. The county is pierced by the River Gambia. (see figure: 1) Figure 1 Senegal primarily is made up of a large plain. The only real exceptions to this are in the south east where relatively high elevations exist. There are only a few rivers of any reasonable size in Senegal, these include; the Saloum, Gambia, Casamance and of course the Senegal which runs along the northern border of the country. Like all rivers, these recess during dry seasons and surge forth during wet seasons. Like most other countries of this region in Africa, Senegal has a vast multitude of climatic regions. These range from dry desert to a wet tropical zone in the southern portion of the country leaving the dry region to the north. There are two distinct seasons; the dry season, and the rainy season. The latter lasts from July to October in the north. (see figure: 2) Figure 2 Here, the rainfall averages 350 mm . In the south the season starts a month later in June but ends as it does in the north in October. In the north the average yearly rainfall averages 1525 mm . In January the average temperature is 22 degrees centigrade and in July it averages at 28 degrees centigrade. In Senegal the citizens to indeed have to endure very diverse climatic conditions. Figure 3 Figure 4 As mentioned before the northern portion of the country is dominated by very dry desert like conditions while the south is a very wet region. The northern portion of the Country is part of the Sahal which is a buffer for the wetter southern part of the country against the Sahara which is located to the north of the country. In the Sahel the vegetation resembles that of the movie The Lion King in that it consists primarily of savanna grasses with random outcroppings of small stunted shrubs (see Figure: 3). As you move south towards the Gambia trees become more common. Further south still, there are actual swamps and dense forests. In these forests the typical tropical woods can be found including mahogany, palms and bamboo. In the Gambia and the others rivers as well crocodiles and hippopotamuses can be found. Other animals such as elephants can be found in the eastern portion of the country. Senegal's infamous varieties of snake include the cobra and the boa constrictor. Senegal possess many minerals and other natural resources. Among these is Senegal's principal exploited mineral resource, phosphates.( see figure:5) Iron ore is also present I but it has not yet been exploited due to a lack of accessibility. In the 1970's deposits of both natural gas and petroleum were located off the western coast of Senegal. Figure 5 Senegal's economy is based primarily on agriculture. The soul of the agricultural economy is based on peanuts, literally. Although this is the case Senegal has a growing industrial sector which is the largest in West Africa. Senegal receives aid from France and other European countries through the World Bank. Senegal is starting to learn to budget, and is now only spending $700 million more than the country brings in every year. About 27% of Senegal's land is arable which is very inproportionate to the 78% of the population which relies on subsistence farming. Because of French colonization, Senegal is now the leading producer of peanuts in the world. These peanuts are primarily grown in the north-west but are also grown in other parts of the country. Peanuts and peanut oils constitute a significant percent of the yearly export earnings ranging from 29% in the 80s to 12% in the early 90s . Most of the land is Figure 6 devoted to the production of peanuts and great strides have been made recently to diversify the types of crops grown. (see Figure:6) Among the crops to be grown are; rice, and tomatoes. This will allow the people of Senegal to produce food

Management Practices Traditional vs Modern Innovative Essay Example

Management Practices Traditional vs Modern Innovative Essay Example Management Practices Traditional vs Modern Innovative Essay Management Practices Traditional vs Modern Innovative Essay Essay Topic: The Man Of Mode In last many old ages, few direction accounting inventions has been developed. Directors have to do determination on a day-to-day footing every bit good do determinations sing the hereafter and how to last and turn in an energetic market topographic point with of all time turning unsure fortunes. Traditional or modern direction accounting system give relevant information to all degrees of direction, fiscal and other information to do determinations about planning, control of operations and placing chances to add value. The modern direction accounting pattern are typically different from that of traditional direction accounting as they enable directors to do sound determinations to minimise cost every bit good in the same clip add value to the merchandises and services by bettering the quality of merchandises, which is required by the clients, and cut down waste. In add-on, the modern direction accounting systems allow the administration as whole to develop the advanced capacity of the administration and flexibleness so that it can continually alter and better public presentation financially every bit good in its non fiscal countries of public presentation. Traditional vs. Modern Innovative Traditional will concentrate on cost control and, in peculiar, what is recognized as variance analysis and which involves measuring forecast results with existent results for illustration for costs such as stuffs and labor. The types of activity, hence, that direction comptrollers have traditionally involved themselves with include: Cost analysis Cost control Budget readying Budgetary control processes Cost/benefit analysis Investment assessment. More modern, innovative attacks include enterprises such as: Business procedure re-engineering: This is about rethinking and re-designing concern procedures as a agency of cut downing costs and bettering bringing Zero-based budgeting: re-thinking budgets in a manner that engage warranting and prioritizing all points of outgo Activity-based direction: looking at what really causes costs to be incurred, and being better able to calculate and command costs Life rhythm costing: sing a merchandise s costs over its full life rhythm ( instead than merely, for illustration, the initial edifice costs ) Total quality direction: the procedure of uninterrupted quality betterment beyond budgeting : a challenge to traditional budgeting techniques via the usage of more flexible and broad ranging procedures Balanced scorecards: the usage of cardinal public presentation indexs within four different positions fiscal, client, internal concern procedure and learning/growth. Non fiscal public presentation measuring approached gained impulse as a consequence of dissatisfaction with the traditional techniques such as balance sheets and income statement, as engineering increasing and increasing planetary competition, companies able to acknowledge better their mistake and might to better their bing capablenesss and make new 1s the most successful of these being Economic Value Added ( EVA ) . Initially Return on Investment ( ROI ) was used to enhancement the intuition and penetration of directors. It was used to direct down the end for division directors to run into from corporate office. Since directors reward and endorsement chances depended on the ability to run into marks, these nucleus directors has a strong inducement to set their information consequently. Some concerns have built accounting instruction faculties for their directors that help them acknowledge the elaborate information they get. Management comptrollers have a critical duty in fixing and administering preparation stuffs. Nowadays multifaceted managerial milieus proficient maps, peculiarly accounting, need to go more than providers of information. They must turn into a sort of an educating where directors can obtain preparation. So far in legion organisations, comptrollers are excessively feverish to turn out to be teachers and internal wages systems likely depress such public presentations. As the scope of direction accounting messages enlarge to incorporate non-financial presentation indexs, direction comptrollers get an extra challenge. Many directors have complexnesss visualising the cause and ensue relationships that connect cost drivers to fiscal returns. Yet this is the cardinal information needed to pull off value, and instruction is on a regular basis required to assist directors acknowledge improved the ground and consequence dealingss that cause stockholder value. Increasing functional country means that directors are of all time more degage from stockholder values. Many directors are strongly devoted to the association without being dedicated to the fiscal purpose that drives it. Management comptrollers have a duty to take portion in transfusing fiscal control and delegating fiscal values to non-financial directors. One technique is to necessitate operating directors ( instead than comptrollers ) to consistently form and show the fiscal survey of their industry unit. At the similar juncture that the direction accounting function must pay great sum of attending to the efficiency of its interior substructure procedures, other demands are happening. There is lifting force per unit area to diminish on the whole cost of the finance map as a fraction of grosss. There are bit by bit more clip devouring demands for more comprehensive external coverage. While these concluding ends are critical and must be achieved, puting the precedency there merely hike the hazard that internal accounting communications will be unsuccessful to acquire their aims and that direction accounting system modify will be farther postponed. Decision As discussed above, the modern direction accounting relevant to modern organisational direction issues as good rectify and reform the traditional direction accounting patterns to do determinations and specialized determinations based on relevant fiscal and non-financial information depending on the nature of activities, size, external fortunes and market conditions, client profiles, organisational human resource issues, structural issues. Even the modern direction accounting is non extra but can be wholly different. As good, some are more appropriate to assorted organisations and some are non, given the internal direction patterns, size of organisations, top direction support, human resource patterns. Organizational structural issues, employee motivational factors, centralisation decentalisation issues. In other words, before sing implementing modern direction accounting patterns the direction must hold a feasibleness survey sing the above issues and measure the cost and benefit of the systems in fiscal and non-financial footings. Otherwise the benefits are applied without through rating and committedness by top direction, therefore the benefits of these patterns will non be realized to the full. If carefully considered based on adequate facts and non on emotions, so the modern direction accounting with other schemes will surely helpful for direction to do sound determinations and hence contribute to the success of th e organisation than the traditional direction accounting patterns.

Nespresso - Strategy and Competition Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Nespresso - Strategy and Competition - Essay Example presso specific equipment to the customers and the process of making high quality espresso coffee is also shown to the customers as part of the operations of the boutique. The boutiques also provide a presentation area where the different Nespresso coffee making equipment and the Nespresso blend capsules are set up. The Nespresso boutique interacts with the customers by hosting a coffee bar at the boutique with entertainment and sitting area for the customers. The customers can interact with the staff by ordering their coffees, making their own coffees at the bar through the single serving percolators as well as by providing the management of the boutique with feedback on the quality and service. The company also operates through its websites whereby the customers can order the coffee and the equipment online. This is delivered the customers residence or mentioned address by the company. The critical issues that have been faced by the brand and its serving boutiques is to combat the tea drinking culture in the Asian countries as well as bring the concept of single serving espressos made through coffee capsules containing exclusive special blends to the customers. The challenges that the company has faced pertain to building relationships with customers and fording them into long lasting loyalties. The concept of brand loyalty is very strong with Nespresso, however it has been challenging for the company to make loyal customers as well. The motivation of the company is being providing an exclusive and portioned form of coffee and equipment to customers has been to revolutionize the way the coffee is perceived and consumed. The company saw the trend towards smaller family sizes and single person households in the 1970’s and has built on it to produce the single serving coffee capsules as well as the single serving coffee making machines. The customer satisfaction for the products manufactured and provided by the Nespresso Company has been bountiful. The high

Impact of climate change in Arctic Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Impact of climate change in Arctic - Essay Example The rapid diminishing of sea ice in prolonged summertime is also expected to open up the Arctic for ships and other sea vessels. It is against this backdrop that this paper analyzes how these prospects will impact on the geopolitics of territorial claim that may emanate from these discoveries. According to the National Research Council, climate change poses profound impacts on natural and human systems on the globe. Impacts of climate change are creating concerns for multilateral and bilateral relations, as well as, human, national and international security (56). Changes in sea level, temperature, precipitation patterns and in other elements of the ecosystem adds additional stress to food security, energy, water and other natural resources that support livelihoods (7). In terms of security, climate change poses direct impacts on military operations and regional strategic priorities (8). Therefore, climate change potentially disrupts international relations by posing negative impacts on specific resources and assets (9). The implications of climate change on international relations have begun manifesting in the Arctic region. Based on projections from the National Research Council, warming in the Arctic region has accelerated in intensity than in any other region on the planet (8). In the same vein, Lemke and Jacobi have projected that warming in the Arctic is double the global average since 1980 (7). Regions in the Arctic are already experiencing the effects of this intensified warming. For instance, warming has disrupted the livelihoods of many communities residing in the Arctic, with entire villages at verge of relocation (National Research Council 10). The freezing and subsequent thawing of ice in the Arctic is disrupting infrastructural developments and transportation systems in the region. Additionally, evidence has shown that freezing and thawing of ice has changed the range, diversity and distribution of vegetation and animal species (Turner and Marshal 8). What is worrying many scientists at the moment is the fact that warming and climate change-related impacts in the Arctic are occurring more profoundly and rapidly than had been predicted. For instance, sea ice in the Arctic Ocean and in connecting seas has diminished by more than 30% since 1979 (Turner and Marshal 9). Previous study models had indicated that the summer of 2100 will render the Arctic ice-free. However, recent models have predicted that this will happen as early as 2035 (National research Council 12). The rapid loss of sea ice in the Arctic has amplified human activities within the region. Furthermore, this loss has generated a lot of interest in and unease about the future of this region. Mounting interest in the Arctic region has been influenced by the perceived benefits that will follow the diminishment of sea ice (Takana 99). Implications of Climate Change in the Arctic Warming, melting, thawing and subsequent diminishment of sea ice in the Arctic has enhance d human accessibility to the region (Kraska 45). For instance, this diminishment could see an increase in commercial ships navigating the two trans-Arctic seaways; the Northwest Passage and the Northern Sea Route (Zellen 5). Accordingly, states have begun updating international guidelines that currently govern ships and other sea vessels navigating the Arctic waters (Kraska 46). Increases have

Project design Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Project design - Essay Example However, packaging of ice cream on commercial basis was always a problem for mass producers. Initially they used to supply the product in cups but in the early 1900 manufacturers identified a strong need of introducing ice cream carriers which were less costly and more productive. John was too frustrated those days because of the increasing raw material cost. He has been into the ice cream manufacturing industry since last twenty years but now he was facing immense difficulty in meeting up all the business expenses while maintaining good profit margins. His company used to do business in the late 19th century and the early 20th century. They had paper cups, glass jars or even plastic boxes in order to store, transport and sell the product. However, due to the changing business scenario and the advancing technology the prices of ice cream carriers raised beyond expectations and hence the major ice cream manufacturers including John’s ice cream had to plan again the entire busin ess strategy. Developing a new business idea so as to cater the needs of customers is very difficult and risky. Ideas can be generated through various sources but the most common and widely applicable source is brainstorming (Bragg). Paper and plastic carriers were very costly, they were incurring huge wastage and the natural environment was becoming contaminated. Considering this scenario and the declining company profits, John called his managing team including supply chain managers, financers, marketers and the advisors. After two months of intense brainstorming and parameter analysis they finally decided to introduce an entirely new ice cream carrier which was not only cost effective and friendly to the environment but it was also the most feasible, interesting, tasty and edible ice cream carrier ever produced. So now John was out of his initial frustration period he knew his need i.e. an ice cream carrier which could be eaten away along with the ice cream. However, the next sta ge was even more difficult as the team of researchers was still uncertain about the exact ingredients they must use to make the carrier eatable and safe to health. One of the advisors analyzed the cooking books to find a recipe for carriers which could easily hold ice cream for a longer time period without melting it away or soaking its moisture. Hence pastries and creams were thoroughly studied but since both of these were naturally soft materials and could not hold ice cream in the required solid form for a considerable time period therefore they were ultimately rejected. Then John evaluated the effectiveness of ice cream carriers made from flour. These were also rejected because of water absorption. Hence the frustration for not being able to implement the business idea was initiated and now John started to spend some more time in kitchen so as to identify the best possible material which could be used as an ice cream carrier. While introducing a new product or even making an inn ovation in the current product range there is significant value of time. Company has to profoundly move from product details, ideas, development, screening and finally the introduction (Fuller). All of these procedures must be followed in a timely manner. But here the time was running fast and the profits were decreasing even faster. It has now been one year that the entire team was evaluating different ice cream carriers. Some of them proved to be highly absorbent while others were too hard to eat

Study of the New York Accent

Study of the New York Accent Amanda Bjork Why Do They â€Å"Tawk† Like Dat? A Brief Study of the New York City Accent New York can easily be called the biggest collection of villages in the world, a melting pot of nearly all the world’s cultures in one small place. For years, the New York accent—from famous faces such as Rosie Perez to Spike Lee, Fran Drescher to Archie Bunker—has been studied, extolled and derided (Bortolot, 2011). New Yorkers keep their accents, wherever they originally may have come from, and the resulting sound(s) are what has come to constitute the globally recognized accent found in the unique â€Å"New York City English†. There are many different but recognizable characteristics and sounds that make up the famous accent. Many of which may have surprising origins, and many whose origins may never be known. Contrary to popular belief, in New York City, the origin and classification of accent has more ties to ethnicity than to a speaker’s specific geographic region (such as borough). Over the years and through the evolution of the New York acce nt, there have been many varying reactions and responses to it, from wearing it proudly to attempts at â€Å"un-learning† it altogether. The New York City accent is a variation of the English language that is spoken by many people in New York City and much of the surrounding metropolitan area. Pioneer American sociolinguist William Labov has done the most work on the specific subject and has described it as the most recognizable variety of sounds in American English. Overall, the New York accent is made up of all of the elements within the speaker and the city, and it has defined the language of New Yorkers for generations. First of all, to understand where the accent originated, we must be familiar with some of the characteristic sounds that may have gone previously unknown or unidentified as a New York characteristic. Based on years of research, American sociolinguist William Labov has concluded that the New York accent originated as a derivative of a British accent, specifically speakers from South London. But the many aspects of the accent have roots all over Europe. The New York accent is a non-rhotic accent, unlike most American accents, which simply means that the â€Å"r† is not usually pronounced, just as in most British varieties of English. There are sounds that we all recognize as part of the New York accent. Words and phrases such as â€Å"schtreet† (street), â€Å"yaw mutha† (your mother), and â€Å"waduh† (water) (Quinlan, 2013). The unique way that New Yorkers draw out their vowels is another important feature. New Yorkers are also guilty of the intrusive â₠¬Å"r†. When the â€Å"r’s† are dropped, New Yorkers will frequently put them back in where they don’t belong. For example, â€Å"Linda† may become â€Å"Linder† and there are phrases like â€Å"come heah and bring me a soder†. Another distinct, and possibly the most recognizable, sound from the New York accent is the â€Å"aw† sound, such as in â€Å"cawfee†, â€Å"tawk†, or â€Å"sawce† (coffee, talk, sauce). New Yorkers tend to broaden the vowel â€Å"a†, for example, saying â€Å"awe-ful† instead of â€Å"awful†. One may also hear (or not hear) a dropped â€Å"H† in New York speech, for example, â€Å"uge† instead of â€Å"huge† and â€Å"uman† instead of â€Å"human†. The New York accent sometimes features â€Å"TH† pronounced as if it were a singular â€Å"T† or a â€Å"D†, wherein a word such as â€Å"pathmark† becomes â€Å"pat-mark†, or â€Å"dese† and â€Å"dose† for â€Å"these† and â€Å"those†. The only immigrant language that had the â€Å"th† sound in it was Greek, meaning all the other travelers to the New World had a hard time pronouncing the sound. Another interesting aspect of the accent is the fact that New York vowels can change from one sound to another during pronunciation. These changing vowels are called diphthongs. This is believed to be part of the Irish influence on the accent, as the Irish frequently switch the diphthong â€Å"OI† with â€Å"ER† or â€Å"IR†. Two of the most popular and recognizable examples are when the word â€Å"oil† sounds like â€Å"earl† and â€Å"toilet† sounds like â€Å"terlet†, although this practice has shown a sharp decline over the generations. Another characteristic of European influence on the New York accent is the word â€Å"youse†. It is very ra re to hear this outside of New York, and it is thought to be Italian influenced because there is a plural â€Å"you† in the Italian language but there is not in English. The New York accent also receives some influence from the Yiddish (Jewish) language, introducing the intrusive â€Å"G†. There is no soft â€Å"G† in Yiddish like there is in English, so the â€Å"ing† sound becomes â€Å"ink† (Tannen, 1981). For example, â€Å"seeing† is pronounced â€Å"seeink†, and â€Å"doing† is pronounced â€Å"doink†. Yiddish syntax is also different than in English, so it’s possible to hear phrases (in the New York accent) like â€Å"a genius, he isn’t.† New York City is a melting pot of different cultures, immigrating from all over the world over the years. The origins of the New York City accent are diverse, and the source of many features is probably not recoverable. William Labov has pointed out that many features were originally found in southern England as mentioned above. He also claims that the vocalization and subsequent loss of â€Å"r† was copied from the prestigious London pronunciation, and so it started among the upper classes in New York and later spread to other socioeconomic classes. So it has been reasonably concluded that the New York Accent originated in and was â€Å"brought† here from London, in the simplest terms of explanation. In the 1800’s, all major cities on the Eastern seaboard began to copy the British pronunciation; saying â€Å"caah† instead of â€Å"car† and not pronouncing that final â€Å"r† as a consonant. New York did not imitate London directly. There wer e quite a few changes in the vowels so that the New York City accent and dialect began to branch off in its own direction, while still drawing major influence from the London pattern of â€Å"r-less† speech. The East Coast is referred to as the â€Å"r-less corridor† by linguists, and other coastal cities have accents with features in common with New York, like Boston and Charleston, S.C. Those cities were settled around the same time, and the speakers came from a certain place, South London, using a specific sounding type of British English. It can’t quite be determined when the other prominent features melded into the accent we know today. After the British, the next generation of European immigrants to New York City (Irish, Germans, Jews, Eastern Europeans, Russians, and Italians) contributed their own respective features. The New York accent is less a result of which particular city or borough the speaker is from, than which country that one’s forebea rs are from. It has been a common misconception (even by New Yorkers) that accent was related to borough; that there was a Queen’s accent, or a Brooklyn accent, or a Manhattan accent. This is not really the case, as it would be whatever the lineage or ethnicity of the speaker was, like an Italian-New York accent, or Spanish-New York accent. The variations of the New York City accent are a result of layering ethnic speech with the influence from waves of immigration. Over time, the collective influences combined to give New York City (and surrounding areas) a distinct and recognizable accent. Sociolinguistic research, which is ongoing, suggests some differentiation between the accents of these groups may exist. There have been differences found in the rate and degree of speech of Italian-New Yorkers versus Jewish-New Yorkers (Mammen, 1936). The features of the New York accent from Irish origin are the most stigmatized, evidence being that those features have declined over the years. William Labov has argued that these differences are relatively minor. All European American groups share relevant and similar accent features of some kind. Many people who represent as Italian-American speak â€Å"New Yorkese†, Labov says, no matter where they live. Labov gave this example: â€Å"In Philadelphia, an r-pronouncing city, there’s a certain amount of r-lessness among Italian-Americans.† (Virginia, 2010) There are neighborhoods throughout the city that are predominantly a specific ethnic group, but they are not limited to any one borough so the accent cannot be classified that way. As can be taken from earlier in this essay, some of the other variations of the New York accent are Irish, Yiddish, even Russian and Arabic. So essentially, the New York accent is a product of evolution, ethnic roots, and immigration. Over the many years, there have been a myriad of varying responses to the New York accent. These reactions have been personal for New Yorkers, or even present in society via the portrayal of the accent in media (movies, television, etc.). In a study done on language and social strata, Labov wrote The term linguistic self-hatred is not too extreme to apply.† People from New York and New Jersey described their own speech as â€Å"distorted,† â€Å"sloppy† and â€Å"horrible.† (Virginia, 2010) Some New Yorkers even go so far as to take classes to lose or â€Å"unlearn† their accents. Labov also found (in separate interviews) that only one third of New Yorkers liked their accent and most were under the impression that the other Americans dislike the accent in general (Tierney, 1995). Many professional-class New Yorkers from high socioeconomic backgrounds often make a concentrated effort to speak with less conspicuous accents for this reason and in order to be taken seriously; in particular, many use rhotic pronunciations instead of the characteristic New York non-rhotic pronunciations, while maintaining some of the less stigmatized features of the accent. However, the common association of the New York accent with the working and middle class has also, since the latter half of the 20th century, warranted many upper class New Yorkers to refrain from speaking with a New York accent. Because of the accent’s humbler origins, generations of parents hoping their children would grow up to be doctors or lawyers and get out of â€Å"the neighborhood†, encouraged their children to leave it behind, deeming is lower class, ethnic, or crude. The New York accent has also often been associated with negative stereotypes, such as mobster, gangsters, criminals, and thugs. Portrayal of the accent in kind of a negative light (such as in television shows and movies) has made New Yorkers self-aware of their accents and not in a good way. T he accent was even somewhat unpopular in Colonial times. People did not want to sound like New Yorkers, so the accent didn’t spread like others did but remained nearly exclusive to New York City, and parts of New Jersey and Long Island. But there are two sides to this coin, as some New Yorkers wear and project their accents with pride, pride that comes with being from New York City. And there is hope for media, maybe instead of erasing longstanding regional and social distinctions, television will help preserve them (Virginia, 2010). Outside, the accent used to be stigmatized, but inside of New York City, its a positive thing. Being from New York matters, and people need to convey that message, and one way for them to convey that is through language (Bortolot, 2011). Up until 1945, it was considered distinguished to drop the â€Å"r†. President Franklin Delano Roosevelt, on his radio addresses: â€Å"We have nothing to fe-ah but fe-ah istelf.† After World War II however, Americans stopped considering British English to be quite so prestigious. But the classic New York City accent is fading away. It has been mocked and stereotyped to the point that it has fallen out of favor in the majority. Contrary to the popular impression that accents are disappearing, sociolinguists say regional accents are remaining quite distinct even as they change. Renà ©e Blake (a socio-cultural linguistics professor at NYU, specializing in New York City English) says that â€Å"while the New York accent will never die, the meaning of the accent continues to evolve as the city does.† Accent is an aspect of evolution (Quinlan, 2013). In conclusion, where did the famous and recognizable New York City accent come from? Well, in essence it came from the people. From the native New Yorkers who chose to sound different. But it is not a difficult stretch to find out that the accent originated in London. Since the British colonized America, I’m sure it could be argued that all of the native accents in America were originally were derived from British. But many of the characteristic sounds present in the New York accent can be traced back to their British counterparts with ease. However, as it turns out, there is more than one aspect of what makes up the New York City accent. The other main piece of the puzzle is ethnic roots or lineage. There are different varieties of the New York City accent that are based on ethnicity, due to the city’s long standing reputation as the gateway to America, a true melting pot of people and cultures. There are Italian-New Yorkers, Spanish-New Yorkers, and Yiddish-New Yorker s that all have a unique sound all their own. That was just to name a few, but the list of different types of accents in New York City could go on for a significant time. Or maybe it couldn’t, because there are a growing number of New Yorkers that have developed distaste for the way that they sound and wish to change their accents. While some New Yorkers have no problem with their accent or wield it proudly, a majority of them are looking down upon it so it has begun to fade out. But the accent will never die out and no matter how many habits New Yorkers consciously unlearn, they will still unconsciously say some things differently from the rest of the country (Tierney, 1995). Many New Yorkers are proud of their unique sound; it continues to be spoken widely in the city today, even without strong class distinctions. The accent has many curious phonological features which stand out when compared to other accents. These features show how the accent has evolved into a unique typ e of speech which reflects the New York speakers and their citys history. New Yorkers with different backgrounds have continuously and will continue to shape their accents according to their needs; this process of change will never stop as long as the accent continues to be used. Conversely, it remains to be seen whether the negative attitudes of those from other parts of the United States towards New York City speech will change in the future, and whether New Yorkers will continue to cherish the traditional, unique features of their accent. It is a strong symbol to and of New York City. And while some look down on the accent, there are just as many who see their speech and accent as an integral part of the city’s identity. Thus, although New York City speech has a rather bad reputation within the America, it is still valued and cherished by its speakers. Perhaps it is precisely this infamy that has partly caused the accent to be widely used and preserved among New Yorkers. I t’s also a New York state of mind; they rebel, consciously or unconsciously, against the beliefs of the majority. Regardless, the accent is permanently ingrained in and connected to the thriving metropolis and will continue to grow and change as New York City does itself. References: Quinlan, Heather. (Writer/Director). (2013). If These Knishes Could Talk: The Story of the New York Accent [Documentary]. USA: Canvas Kid Production Company. Tannen, D. (1981). New York Jewish Conversational Style. International Journal Of The Sociology Of Language, 1981(30), 133-149. Virginia,H. (2010). Points of Entry Speech Therapy. New York Times Magazine, 20. Mammen, E. W., Sonkin, R. (1936). A STUDY OF ITALIAN ACCENT. Quarterly Journal of Speech, 22(1), 1. You talkin to me?. (1995). Discover, 16(9), 27. Skinner, D. (2007). QUEENS ENGLISH. Weekly Standard, 12(33), 4. Bortolot, L. (2011, August 12). You Tawkin to New Yawk?. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved March 26, 2014, from http://online.wsj.com/news/articles/SB10001424053111903918104576502373235185388?KEYWORDS=renee+blakemg=reno64-wsjurl=http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424053111903918104576502373235185388.html?KEYWORDS=renee+blake Tierney, J. (1995, January 22). THE BIG CITY; Can We Talk?. The New York Times Archives. Retrieved March 26, 2014, from http://www.nytimes.com/1995/01/22/magazine/the-big-city-can-we-talk.html Roberts, S. (2010, November 19). Unlearning to Tawk Like a New Yorker. The New York Times. Retrieved March 26, 2014, from http://www.nytimes.com/2010/11/21/nyregion/21accent.html?pagewanted=all Green, R. (2012). English with an accent: language, ideology and discrimination in the United States (2nd ed.). London: Routledge.

Managing Classroom Behavior :: essays research papers

Managing Classroom Behavior Managing classroom behavior can be a difficult task, especially if you have a child who is always causing disturbances. Once you have identified that there is a problem, you should ask yourself six simple questions. The first question asked is whether the problem is a result of inappropriate curriculum or teaching strategies. As teachers we have a tendency to overlook the fact that what and how we teach can contribute directly to our students behavioral problems. Secondly, ask yourself "What do I demand and prohibit - and what should I?" Teachers find it easier to specify what they will not tolerate than to specify the behavior they demand. The third question to ask is "Why do certain behaviors bother me, and what should I do about them?" As a teacher you have to decide if this is a difference in culture or upbringing and why it bothers you, is it inappropriate, is the behavior disturbing the other children? There are many things to consider when a child is acting up. As the teacher, it is your responsibility to solve these disturbances, if they are personal, you may try ignoring them, talking with them, or even living with the problem. The fourth question you need to ask your self is if this behavior is developmentally significant. Although there are other types of developmentally significant behaviors, most will fall into four primary categories: academic failure, aggression, depression, and problems with peers. The fifth question to ask is, "Should I concentrate on a behavior excess or deficiency?" A behavioral excess is something you usually want the child to stop doing.

Cell phones should not be allowed in schools Essay

A student with a cell phone is an uninterested student, one with a short attention span who cares more about socializing than education. When I was teaching, all too often I turned around from writing something on the blackboard to find students text-messaging or otherwise playing with their phones. Come the end of the term, a handful of students would fail the class and far too many would drop out of school. The onus for failure should be placed on distractions in the classroom, specifically cell phones. Parents think of cell phones as a connection to their children in an emergency. But I wonder what the last situation was that genuinely called for an immediate phone call to a child. In most cases, contacting the hospital or the police would seem more urgent. And parents can always call the school’s main office to reach their children. Cell phones are status symbols for teenagers because when their phone rings while the teacher is talking, everyone laughs. Because playing vid eo games on their cell makes them look cool. Because text messaging their friend in the next room is more fun than learning about topic sentences. So is listening to the new Three 6 Mafia song they just downloaded onto their cell. And saying students can store their phones in the locker is a joke. If they have cell phones, they’re going to bring them to class. —Jesse Scaccia Former English teacher, Franklin D. Roosevelt High School, Brooklyn, N.Y. NO Schools make rules to facilitate a quality education in a respectful and safe environment. Cell phones are a distraction in classrooms and have no place there. I support rules banning their use—by students and staff—in the classroom. But cell phones should not be banned from students’ possession entirely, because that is, in effect, not allowing students to have cell phones while traveling to and from school. My children’s time before school and after should not be under the school’s control. Making sure my children have cell phones and can contact me during those times is my right as a parent. It’s not just about safety or reassurance. Yes, I want my kids to call each morning when they arrive at school and each afternoon when they leave, and there are so few pay phones anymore on which to do that. But my children’s lives are also enriched by the freedom to travel to a variety of extracurricular activities or social engagements without an adult chaperone. That is only possible because an adult is just a phone call away. If my  children are not allowed to keep their cell phones during the school day—off and in their backpacks or lockers—the school system is governing my parenting and my children’s behavior during non-school time. The school has no such right. Besides, teachers should be teaching, not spending precious time tagging and bagging confiscated electronics. I trust my kids to make responsible and respectful choices, and I trust their teachers and administrators to do the same. —Elizabeth Lorris Ritter Parent, Bronx High School of Science, New York Allowing cellphones to school would be equivalent to giving an open invitation to distraction. This is because with so many activities in a single gadget, students are bound to be tempted to indulge in them, hence deviating from the main objective of coming to school. Their concentration towards studies would deteriorate as they would be busy fiddling with their cellphones. Teachers would also get distracted, as it is likely that the cellphones will ring during class, destroying the tempo of the entire class. Not only this, with a cellphone in everyone’s hands, there would naturally be unhealthy competition to see who has got the latest model and the hottest brand. This would only increase the worries and expenditure of parents as every student would pester their parents to buy them new cellphones. Also it would make students with not so latest cellphones be a victim of inferiority complex. Worse still, it may also create a barrier or ‘cellphone-fuelled class differenceà ¢â‚¬â„¢ between students as cellphones models and brands are now considered a status symbol. Bringing cellphones to school would also pave way for theft. With expensive cellphones in every other person’s bag, anyone could steal a cellphone, disrupting discipline and making school a very unsafe place. Many people argue that a cellphone allows parents to stay in touch with their children and remain informed about their whereabouts and anything that they need to. This, however, is also possible without a cellphone, as schools have phones and any important information can be conveyed through it. Cellphones can be seen as a means employed by students for cheating during examinations. They can simply text anyone and ask for assistance. Not only this, it can give rise to after school gang activities and be misused in many ways, like making prank calls just for fun. This can  lead to serious consequences and cause unnecessary panic as well as waste time. The aforementioned points clearly establish the fact that the reasons for not allowing cellphones in schools are based on clear reservations and not on flimsy grounds, hence cellphones should not be allowed at schools. In recent times, the number of people owning mobile phones has increased dramatically. Now mobile phones are not just for calling, but you can now text, take and send pictures, record videos, access the internet, play games and much more. The variety of functions has increased dramatically. They have also become a lot cheaper. Thus more and more young people now own a mobile. So should they be allowed to bring them to school? Mobile phones can cause a distraction in education. They can disturb teachers and students. For example, if you were working hard on a piece of work, concentrating hard, and a person’s phone rings, it disrupts the whole class. You may become side-tracked or the teacher may be interrupted during speaking to the class. Thus teaching would be constantly disrupted if this kept happening. Thus education standards would deteriorate. Looking then at long term effects, if this was happening every day, you would be wasting five minutes a day, so nearly half an hour a week, and so that would be over ten hours a year of disruption. Also, mobile phones provide a large temptation to cheat in tests. They can communicate to almost anywhere and anyone in the world. Because they are small, students can quietly and discreetly send a text and it can go unnoticed. You got to school to learn, not to waste time playing games or cheating in tests. Research has proven that frequent use of a mobile phone can put the owner at risk of long term health damage. Mobile phones have radiation in them which they send out which can destroy or damage cells. Thus a student who uses a mobile phone regularly is at risk of health damage. With the increase in ownership of mobiles, there is increased usage and so the students are putting themselves at risk more and more of health damage. Also younger students may not be properly educated on phone usage. Most phones nowadays have internet access on them.

WATCH What a CEO looks for in your job interview

WATCH What a CEO looks for in your job interview When interviewing for a new position, nothing can be more beneficial than knowing beforehand what you need to do to be successful during your initial time with your prospective employer.Daily Fuel sat down with an expert on the subject and one of the leading marketers in the United States, HelloWorld CEO Peter DeNunzio, who details what he looks for most when interviewing potential additions to his team. Source: [Daily Fuel]

How to Effectively Prepare for a Second Interview

How to Effectively Prepare for a Second Interview Congratulations! Not only have you made it to the interview stage, you’ve made it through to the second round. You’re one step closer to landing the job. It’s not a guarantee, but it’s a pretty good indication that they like you. Think of it like a second date with someone you’d like to get serious with. Now’s your chance to prove to them that you have what it takes. That being said, here’s your comprehensive prep guide to help you prepare for a second job interview. First step: StrategizeThe stakes are obviously higher. You’ll have to kick your game up a notch to match the level of scrutiny you’ll be under. Make sure you’re well prepared. Make sure you know the exact name and function of the position for which you’re being considered. And make sure to ask in advance exactly who will be interviewing you, names and roles.If you’ve gotten word of your second interview via email rather than phone, this g ives you a bonus shot at drafting a superbly professional response. If not, no worries. Just plow forward into your prep work. The key to good prep is not to stalk them, but to garner enough knowledge to show them you’re keen and wells Included)

Technology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 7

Technology - Essay Example Although keeping up with the high cost that these tools require places a heavy burden upon the system as well as upon the bottom line, the fact of the matter is that in order to continue to integrate with business and the patient, the new applications and software packages are demanded (Chunhau et al, 2009). Moreover, the industry standards that must be met also demand a level of standardization that goes beyond convenience and cost equations. Accordingly, one can understand that the information needs that a given health care organization may have relates to the storage of patient data, the encoding of insurance paperwork, billing in all forms, transcription needs, recording of changes to patient health and treatment, as well as a litany of others (G. L., 2012). It can be definitively said that the flow of information across HIT within my given organization greatly increases and supports evidence based practice due to the fact that it allows the healthcare professional ease of access to a great deal of patient information with regards to any single given case. Of course the downside to this is that the training curve to integrating these approaches with new staff is oftentimes long and involved; however, the rewards are manifest in a higher quality of care and treatment that such a proliferation of HIT can provide. Reddy, M., McDonald, D. W., Pratt, W., & Shabot, M. M. (2005).Technology, work, and information flows: Lessons from the implementation of a wireless alert pager system. Journal of Biomedical Informatics, 38(3),

Ethnographic Comparison Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Ethnographic Comparison - Essay Example The discussion focuses on studying human behavior and culture using multiple ethnographic accounts. The three societies taken for comparison are the southern Ethiopian society, Chinese society, and Cherokee, a Native American society. The analysis provides background information of all the three societies along with discussing the specific aspect of cultural change within these societies. A vivid comparison and contrast between the societies is done in relation to the cultural change among women and standard of living. The realities of life and human behavior in relation to the cultural change in these societies are also addressed. Furthermore, the discussion also examines some of the social problems and public policy issues that are apparent in these societies. Ethiopia, a sub-Saharan country in Africa, is considered to be home to one of the oldest known human societies. During the prehistoric period, Hamitic people from Asia Minor and Semitic traders from Arabia migrated to this region. Being a multi-cultural and multi-ethnic society, it comprised of different cultural and geo-political boundaries, but with the Orthodox Church mainly dominating the cultural, political, and social life of the population. From the ancient times, the Chinese society is one with rich traditions. The countrys civilization is home to around 55 ethnic minorities including 14 Taiwanese aborigine groups, Shaoshu Minzu, RPC nationals, and the Han majority (Johnson, 2014). With the recent economic reforms and policies, China has transformed into a stronger economy. The Cherokee Indians, one among the tribes of Native Americans, are expected to have lived in and around the Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians Island. Ethnographers have recorded that these tribes migrated to south in ancient times from the Great Lakes region along with the Iroquoian people. The comparison of culture among these three societies provides valuable

How Entrepreneurial Firms from Developing Markets Are Using Unique Essay - 1

How Entrepreneurial Firms from Developing Markets Are Using Unique Business Models and Strategies As They Transition Into Emerging Multinationals - Essay Example The paper tells that the developed world markets have experienced an influx of multinational companies or rather corporations (MNCs) with economies for countries such as Brazil, Indonesia, Mexico among others being among the key locations for growth in the near future. In the attempt to find a niche in these global markets, most of the MNC’s have concentrated their focus on the established and wealthy elite who rank top on the economic pyramid. This has given rise to an â€Å"imperialistic form of a mindset† where the existing products are sold to the established markets in the global markets. By the maintaining the focus on the affluent consumers and some partner-organizations who participated actively in the formal economy, it implied that much of general consumer capabilities were being taken for granted. Low-income markets also referred to as the base of the economic triangle offers both tremendous opportunities to tap despite the unique challenges. In the recent ye ars, entrepreneurial firms from developing markets seem to have noted a loophole in the global market that when capitalized on can aid in the tapping of the untapped sectors of the market. Tapping on the opportunities and challenges at the base of the economic pyramid. The opportunities linked with the market at the base of the economic pyramid are gradually becoming significant to both business managers and scholars. There is evidently more than meet the sight when considering the consumers having annual purchasing power parity of 1500 dollars or even less. In fact, any business trying to find its footage in a new environment is bound to face quite a number of challenges. As a business strategy for new global ventures, entrepreneurs have been turning on to partner organizations for resources and expertise they are lacking. Just as is the requirement by most governments, it becomes indispensable that the new entrants in the global market have a corporate partner in the host country who will ensure market accessibility in the new economies. Moreover, the entrepreneurial firms that are entering the base of the pyramid strata of the market economy have had to expand dramatically the field of potential alliance partners.

The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn Essay Example for Free

The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn Essay In The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, Mark Twain develops criticism of society by contrasting Huck and Jims life on the river to their dealings with people on land. Twain uses the adventures of Huck and Jim to expose the hypocrisy, racism, and injustices of society. Throughout the book hypocrisy of society is brought out by Hucks dealings with people. Miss Watson, the first character, is displayed as a hypocrite by Huck Pretty soon I wanted to smoke, and asked the widow to let me. But she wouldnt. ?And she took snuff too; of course that was all right, because she done it herself (Twain 8). Huck did not understand why she does not want him to smoke, That is just the way with some people. They get down on a thing when they dont know nothing about it (Twain 8). When Huck encounters the Grangerfords and Shepardsons he describes Colonel Grangerford as, ? a gentleman, you see. He was a gentleman all over; and so was his family(Twain 86). On Sunday when Huck goes to church he sees the hypocriticalism of the families, The men took their guns along, ? The Shepardsons done the same. I t was pretty ornery preaching-all about brotherly love, and such-like? (Twain 90). Huck with his anti-society attitude, you would presume that he would have no problem in helping Jim. Yet he fights within himself about turning over Jim to the authorities, by this action within Huck shows that he must have feelings that slavery is correct so that the racial bigotry of the time may be seen. This decision for Huck is monumental even though he makes it on the spot. He has in a way decided to turn his back on everything that home stands for, this allows us to leave our thought of bigotry behind and begin to see Jim for what he really is a man. Hucks attitude for Jim is racist which is seen when he decides to play a trick on Jim during their voyage. After Huck plays his trick his attitude toward Jim begins to change, It was fifteen minutes before I could work myself up to go and humble myself to a nigger; but I done it, and I warnt ever sorry for it afterward, neither (Twain 72). The dialogue throughout the book between Huck and Jim illustrates that Jim is more than property and that he is a human being with feelings, and hopes for a better future. The river provides a place for Huck and Jim to escape the harsh society around them and develops into a god. The river provides a pathway for the action to progress, unlike other forms of travel it proceeds to guide the book in one direction down a set path. The god-likeness of the river controls the adventures, It is the River ? that will not let them land at Cairo, where Jim could have reached freedom; it is the Rive that separates them ? the River that reunites them, ? (Eliot 333). Society has lost the moral meaning of the river, ? the river was forgotten, and precisely by the dwellers in cities, by the worshippers of the machine (Trilling 325). It is through the adventure of Huck and Jim that Twain tries to show the power that can only be displayed by the natural force of the river, ? the river was forgotten, and precisely by the dwellers in cities, by the worshippers of the machine (Trilling 325). Whenever Huck goes to shore he eventually seeks the refuge of the raft and the river. The problems of society become apparent to Huck when he goes ashore, while watching the gun fight between the Grangerfords and Shepardsons he becomes ill with the violence between these two families, I wished I hadnt ever come ashore that night, to see such things (Twain 94). The river never deals with the insignificant matters of society, and allows Huck the freedom to be himself. The river is freedom, the land is oppression, and that oppression is most evident to Jim. In Hucks dealings with society he sees people for who they truly are, He sees the real world; and he does not judge it-he allows it to judge itself (Eliot 329). Huck is rejuvenated by the river, when he goes ashore he faces society and all the injustices that it carries. When he returned to the raft he felt free again, Other places do seem so cramped up and smothery, but a raft dont. you feel mighty free and easy and comfortable on a raft (Twain 96). The river becomes the place where freedom is felt for Huck and Jim on a grand scale. The end of the novel may appear to distract from the maturing of Huck and seem to regress Huck back to the state he was at the beginning of the novel. When Twain really was just trying to fade Huck out, Huck Finn must come from nowhere and be bound nowhere (Eliot 335). The return of Tom, with his elaborate scheme to free Jim is merely to set Huck into the background of the novel again. Tom returns to let the reader see the transformation of Huck, Mark Twain, ? Huck Finn whose fate it must always be to seek a freedom beyond the limits of any civilization, ended his novel by contrasting Toms and Hucks sense of the Territory. (Pearce 361). The ending simply shows the changes Huck has gone through during his voyage to the boyish attitude him and Tom shared at the beginning of the novel. Huck and Jims adventures allow us the chance to examine the society they live in. It also gives us an opportunity to examine society today along with ourselves. Freedom the one thing that both Huck and Jim are searching for they only find on the river. Twain is showing us in this story that sometime we must break away from society and what the world views as correct and just. He is showing us that we have the strength inside to stand on our own and make decisions for ourselves. Twain, through Huck, gives us the chance to see all the things in the world as they really are. Not so that we judge the world but so we can stand up for what is right.

Change Process Management Case Study: Baskin Robbins

Change Process Management Case Study: Baskin Robbins There are many definitions of change. Change can bring meaning to cause to become different or to alter or convert. Change can also mean to undergo alteration or replacement or to pass from one phase to another. Change has always been a necessity in an organization. People react, respond and adjust themselves to the change. Some people in the organization may resist change from happening, and some will follow without protest. Below is the basic cycle of change where people behave when changes take place. From the above, we can say that when changes take place in an organization, there will be denial, emotions, resistance, and acceptance towards the changes. Denial is where the leaders who want to make changes communicate the 5Ws and H that is who, when, where, what, why and how. Changes must also be communicated through various formats so that every people in the organization can aware of the changes. Examples are like email, newspapers, and television, besides using notice board in the organization. In this stage, leader must also state mutual benefits while acknowledging risks. Emotion is the stage where people react when they heard about the changes. A leader must accept that emotion is part of the human condition and they must acknowledge people’s feelings. Emotions can be in term of happy, sad, angry, calm, and others. Leaders must invite feedback from the people around the organization and accommodate their requests, postpone or explain obstacles. Resistance is where people refuse to change. It is a neutral concept and is best dealt with by respecting it, rather than downplaying, avoiding or suppressing it. People usually don’t resist change, but they resist pain or the possibility of pain. They are afraid of the unknown, for example, whether they will be fired, promoted, or even step down from their current position. Acceptance happens when people have no other choice other than accept the changes made by the organization. In this stage, the leader must hold whatever they have achieved or accomplished in the negotiation. They must also follow up all promises they made before implementing changes and reward and recognize the behaviour change when necessary. For example, if the organization promises to give bonuses to the employees that give their best in performance, the leader must make sure that the employees get what they deserve. Below is the illustration of 8 steps of change cycle. This change cycle can be illustrated as an action plan by Baskin Robbins to implement the necessary changes for the organization. The first step in the change process is performance gap. Performance gap means when there is a lack of performance from one organization, and then changes will take place. Based on Baskin Robbins, their mission is to make the Baskin Robbins neighbourhood store a tasty, fun place for our customers. Nowadays, Baskin Robbins has good customer service, online service, quality product and the others. Based on this performance, Baskin Robbins can provide a delivery good services online as a company changes. This changes can satisfy the customer need and wants, it also makes the customer happy in the future. The second step in the cycle of change is to identify a designed future where the changes are made to make sure the organization have a better prospect. In this step, Burt Baskin and Irv Robbins as the owner of Baskin Robbins for sure plan to expand their product to the nationwide in the future. To expand it, the organization should make all the people know about their product, they can provide the delivery online service to the customer and perform better in future. More and more customers prefer buying goods and services on the internet as it provides greater flexibility, speed and choice. As a result, organisations are adding more and more content to their websites, which is fuelling the customers thirst for knowledge. From there, recognize the need for making the changes in the organization. More and more customers prefer buying goods and services on the internet as it provides greater flexibility, speed and choice. As a result, organisations are adding more and more content to their websites, which is fuelling the customers thirst for knowledge. After recognizing the need for making the changes we can then go to the fourth step, which is problem diagnosis. This is where the manager will have to evaluate and understand the problem that the company faces which requires changes. For example, the problem in the company is due to unsatisfied employees such as not on time delivery, wrong delivery places, wrong delivery products and others. In this case, managers need to understand why employees are not satisfied and come out with several ways or methods to solve the problem. The fifth step in the change process is to seek environment alternatives, where managers have to find other alternatives to solve the problem. For example, rather than fire the unsatisfied employees which bring troubles to the company, managers can help the employees to understand the environment of the organization and make them comfortable. From the available alternatives, the manager will have to make a selection or seeking the alternative selection. After selecting the appropriate alternative to solve the problem, the manager will then carries out the plan or implement some action to solve the problem. The action may affect the organization. Whether the implementation is a success or not, managers have to evaluate the outcome of the action they have taken in making the changes. This is the last step in the change process. This is where managers will see whether the outcome or results match with the purpose of the change. Usually, when the company is going through the process of changes, there will be resistance among the members of the organization. This may be caused by their self-interest where they afraid on how the changes will give impact to them. Besides that, people resist changes because of lack of trust and they often feel comfortable with the old ways the organization has operated. The change cycle is the process that can be implemented for all organizations that want to make changes in the organization’s management. For overcoming the resistance to change, there are several methods that Baskin Robbins, who is in charged to implement the change, can take to make sure that the process runs smoothly. First is to educate and communicate with the members of the organization about the changes that they will go through. For example, Baskin Robbins must give enough information and ensure the change is clearly communicated to those it affects. This way, members of the organization can prepare themselves for the changes that will affect them. The second way to overcome the resistance to change is ensuring the participation and involvement of all members of the organization. For example, when there are meetings or activities held by the organization for the changes process, the managers must ensure that all members participate and involve in the activities and make them comfortable with the new changes. Thirdly is by negotiating and make an agreement. Negotiation is where there is an understanding dialogue or meeting between two parties, for example, the organization that want to implement changes and the members or employees. After these two parties have negotiated, they will come to an agreement between the unions and organization. In conclusion, the change cycle process can help the Baskin Robbins to make changes in the organization. When there are changes, there will be resistance by those who don’t want to come out from their comfort zone. Leadership in a change process involves helping people accept the current realities and make effective choices. One can then be helpful in assisting them in taking responsibility for pursuing these choices. However, Baskin Robbins may make the changes at any time because there is no perfect time to make changes in the organization.

James Baldwins Fifth Avenue, Uptown Essay -- Nobody Knows My Name, Ja

In his collection of essays in Nobody Knows My Name, James Baldwin uses â€Å"Fifth Avenue, Uptown† to establish the focus that African Americans no matter where they are positioned would be judged just by the color of their skin. Through his effective use of descriptive word choice, writing style and tone, Baldwin helps the reader visualize his position on the subject. He argues that â€Å"Negroes want to be treated like men† (Baldwin, 67). Baldwin gives a vivid sketch of the depressing conditions he grew up on in Fifth Avenue, Uptown by using strong descriptive words. He makes use of such word choices in his beginning sentences when he reflects back to his house which is now replaced by housing projects and â€Å"one of those stunted city trees is snarling where our [his] doorway used to be† (Baldwin...

Goffman Traits Essay

His books have shown that in spite of total institution, people tend to break through their own personalities and redefine their established roles in regulated societies (Handler, 2012, p. 179). Total institution can be dived into five different categories. The first type of institutions are for harmless and helpless people who are incapable of taking care of themselves, such as aged, poor or blind. The second category of institution is mental hospitals that take in people who are helpless and could be harmful to the society; people who seek for treatment. The third category is for people who pose Page | 3 danger and threat to the welfare of the communities and are put into institutions such as prisons and concentration camps. The forth type of institutions are established to create a working environment among the societies, such as military camps, boarding schools and work camps. The final type of institutions is for people who want to be isolated from the rest of the world, such as church and convents (Davies, 1989, p. 77- 82). 2. 2. Four common traits of total institution In 1961, Goffman (as cited in Schaefer, 2004, p. 82) has pointed out four common factors that a total institution posses. Firstly he believes, â€Å"all aspect of life are conducted in the same place and are under the control of a single authority†. This trait illustrates the common ground used and a certain dominance enforced on the participants. Secondly, â€Å"any activities within the institution are conducted in the company of others in the same circumstances†. Thirdly, â€Å"The authorities devise rules and schedule activities without consulting the participants†. Here we understand that the members are forced to conform to certain practices. Lastly, â€Å"all aspects of life within a total institution are designed to fulfil the purpose of the organization†. This explains how the members in the group ‘working’ towards one goal (Schaefer, 2004, p. 82). 2. 3. Degradation ceremony Degradation ceremony is considered to be under the scope of the sociology of moral resentment. A degradation ceremony is a rite of passage sometimes used to initiate people into total institutions such as mental hospitals, prisons, and military units as discussed earlier (Garfinkel, 2011b). Degradation ceremony often aims to transform an individual’s identity and dignity to a lower form therefore allowing them to be more acceptant to the external control such as authorities. During this process one loss his ascribed or achieved social status that he or she possess. Garfinkel (2011a, p. 420). Garfinkel (2011a, p. 420) mentions in his studies, an observer will be unable to find a degradation ceremony in societies that are demoralized, since only in total anomie are the conditions of degradation ceremonies lacking. Page | 4 2. 4. Resocialization Resocialization is the process when an individual’s former behaviour pattern or social role is altered or replaced. After which retraining the person psychologically to fit the standards and behavior of the common society. Resocialization is often carried through the degradation ceremony when a person is stripped from his status so be able to apprehend the new behaviour patterns and values (Scheff, 2007, p. 85). Most of the time the term ‘rehabilitation’ and ‘resocialization’ are misunderstood for the same significance. However these two are interpreted the same way. Rehabilitation is just a small part or process of resocialization (Weinstein, 1982, p. 269). Goffman’s mental institute hospital study is a good example to illustrate resocialization. The staffs usually try to instil in patients that they had done something wrong in the society. And if they wanted to free themselves from the hospital and get back to the society, they would have to change themselves (Weinstein, 1982, p. 272). . 3. Self- reflection My two-year experience in the Singapore Police Force (National Service) was interesting and far challenging. The first six months of the job was known as the ‘stay-in training’ or otherwise known as total institution from the sociological perspective. Our intake, which had approximately 130 cadets, were required to stay at a camp for 6 months situated at the outskirts where there were no other human dwelling. I remember the very first day when we entered, we were shouted at by the superiors for no reason and were told to strip naked to have our bodies checked for tattoos. The superiors projected their dominance through their tone of voice. The second day all the cadets were issued with uniforms and had to shave our heads bald. We were given a time table on what had to be done everyday from the time we woke up to the amount of water we drunk to the schedule time that we had our Page | 5 meals. We had no say and were just do as we were told. Failing to comply led to punishments. The main purpose of this institution was to instil discipline into each one of us as we were preparing to represent the country’s internal security. Therefore to successfully carry out the resocialization we were put through the degradation ceremony where we had to shave our head bald and given uniforms and forcefully told what to do. Here we are able to associate all four traits that were identified by Erving Goffman. 4. Four major theoretical perspectives The four different perspectives would help us understand total institution from a clearer view. The functionalist perspective has three different categories; manifest function, latent function and dysfunction (Henslin, 2011, p. 16). If we take military camp as an example, the manifest function would be to recruit people to protect the country to maintain peace and order. The latent function is a hidden function such as creating job opportunities and instilling values and discipline into the cadets. The dysfunction would be if the cadets were to use the tactics and teachings learned in the camp for a negative purpose while off their duty. Conflict perspective is a common issue faced when looked at the military. The cadets who flow into the camp on the first day come from a many different backgrounds. Conflicts could arise not only between the views of superior and the cadets but could arise among members itself when work in teams due to the different culture, values and beliefs. Feminist perspective involves the history which back dates to when female where to stay home to look after the family while men went out for war to protect their country mainly due to their physics. However the norm on this perspective is being abolished and we tend to find female soldiers and officers involved in the military. According to my self reflection interaction perspective can be classified has the verbal and non- verbal communication styles used by the superiors, such as the authoritative tone of voice. Page | 6 5. Conclusion We have clearly understood the necessity of the five different types of social institution in a society. The essay had also covered the common traits present in the institutions. Also learnt the importance of degradation ceremony while resocialization and how it’s required to kill the former sense of an individual. However I personally believe three out of five of the total institutions are not preferable places to be at. The fact that many are not offered opportunities to work at their own free will deprives them from others and makes them feel less worthy of themselves. They are taught to obey their superiors, out of fear. In most of the occasions they are treated as numbers than a human being. Therefore allowing an individual to loose his or her sense of identity. Goffman’s discussion encouraged me to look at total institution characteristics, such as resocialization, through a positive and negative lens, depending on the situation and context. Page | 7 6. Reference list Davies, C. (1989). Goffman’s concept of the total institution: Criticism and revisions. Human Studies, 12, 77-95. El-Mafaalani, A. (2009). Do underachievers need sociology. Journal of social science education, 8(4), 35-42. Garfinkel, H. (n. d. ). Conditions of successful degradation ceremonies. (2011). American Journal of Sociology, 6(5), 420-424. GORDON MARSHALL. â€Å"degradation ceremony. † A Dictionary of Sociology. 1998. Encyclopedia. com. 16 Apr. 2013 . Handler, R. (2012). What’s up,doctor goffman? tell us where the action is!. Journal of the royal Anthropological Institute, 18, 179-190. Henslin, J. (2011). Essentials of sociology a down-to-earth approach. (9TH ed. , pp. 16-18). Boston,America: PEARSON.